General Educational Resources for Current Horse Owners

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HELP IS ONLY A CLICK AWAY

The United Horse Coalition offers a free database of resources available to help horse owners who have fallen on hard times.  If as a horse owner, you have come upon a temporary situation in which you need access to resources or assistance, the UHC has provided a listing of safety net programs and other resources to help you get back up on your feet.  These programs can help temporarily in the form of hay and feed, veterinary assistance, gelding clinics, training, help with behavior issues, and more.  The UHC Equine Resource Database also contains resources to help you responsibly rehome your horse.

ACCESS THE UHC EQUINE RESOURCE DATABASE

I CAN NO LONGER KEEP MY HORSE, WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS?

There may come a time in many horse owners’ lives when circumstances change—whether due to health, financial strain, life transitions, or evolving riding goals—and they begin to consider new options for their horse’s future. These decisions are never easy, and the emotional weight that comes with them is significant. In many cases, the horse is deeply loved, and the desire to do what’s best for them remains front and center.

It’s important to understand that needing to rehome a horse does not mean the animal has been neglected or mistreated. In fact, the majority of horses entering shelters come from responsible owners who are proactively seeking help.

According to the Equine Welfare Data Collective’s 2019 report, 52% of horses entering shelters did so through owner surrender—77% of those due to personal financial or health-related reasons.

Reaching out for assistance should never be seen as a failure. Rather, it is a responsible and commendable step toward ensuring the long-term well-being of the horse. Many rescues and organizations actually prefer to work with owners before a situation becomes critical. The earlier the conversation begins, the more options are typically available.

Because it can sometimes take time to find an appropriate placement, especially for older horses, those with special needs, or those requiring specific types of homes, starting the process early is essential. Whether you’re exploring sale, retirement placement, or rehoming options through a rescue or sanctuary, allowing time for the right opportunity to arise can make all the difference.

If your goal is to keep your horse but you’re temporarily struggling, be sure to explore the safety net resources available in the United Horse Coalition’s Equine Resource Database, which are designed to help owners during times of hardship.

Regardless of the path you choose, the ultimate goal is to ensure your horse’s continued care, safety, and happiness. Being transparent about your horse’s needs, abilities, and health status is not only a legal responsibility in many cases but also the best way to help them transition into a successful next chapter.

Whether you’re searching for a new rider, a retirement facility, or a rescue partner, remember that you’re not alone. The United Horse Coalition is here to support you—and your horse—every step of the way.

In most cases, there are four options available to owners who need to rehome their horse:

  • Sale
  • Donation/gift
  • Re-homing to a rescue/sanctuary
  • Euthanasia

The options available to you may be based on the health, soundness, age, training level, and temperament of your horse. Some options have strict criteria for qualification; not every horse is suitable for every job. For more information, please read our article on Responsible Placement Options.

Resources for Responsible Re-Homing

I AM CONSIDERING EUTHANASIA FOR MY HORSE, WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS?

Euthanasia is a term derived from the Greek words “eu,” meaning good, and “thanatos,” meaning death. Euthanasia means “good death.”

Horse ownership undoubtedly comes with numerous responsibilities, and owners must be prepared to make good decisions regarding the health and welfare of their equines on a daily basis. One of the most difficult and emotionally draining responsibilities is determining, with the help of your veterinarian, the appropriate time to end a horse’s life. It is a good idea to have a plan in place before you, as an owner, are faced with such a decision, because often times these situations arise in the form of an emergency and a decision must be made quickly.

Euthanasia is a term derived from the Greek words “eu,” meaning good, and “thanatos,” meaning death. Euthanasia means “good death.”

Horse ownership undoubtedly comes with numerous responsibilities, and owners must be prepared to make good decisions regarding the health and welfare of their equines on a daily basis. One of the most difficult and emotionally draining responsibilities is determining, with the help of your veterinarian, the appropriate time to end a horse’s life. It is a good idea to have a plan in place before you, as an owner, are faced with such a decision, because often times these situations arise in the form of an emergency and a decision must be made quickly.

In accordance with AVMA’s position on euthanasia of animals, the AAEP concurs that euthanasia is an acceptable humane procedure once all available alternatives have been explored with the client. In certain cases, euthanasia should be regarded as a responsible treatment option. The AAEP supports euthanasia when that choice is best for the horse and in accordance with the role of the veterinarian as the animal’s advocate.

The AAEP recommends that the following guidelines be considered in evaluating the need for humane euthanasia of a horse.  The attending veterinarian is able to assist in making this determination, especially regarding the degree to which a horse is suffering. Guidelines are listed below to assist in making humane decisions regarding euthanasia of horses.

A horse should not have to endure the following:

  • Continuous or unmanageable pain from a condition that is chronic and incurable.
  • A medical condition or surgical procedure that has a poor prognosis for a good quality of life.
  • Continuous analgesic medication and/or box stall confinement for the relief of pain for the rest of its life.
  • An unmanageable medical or behavioral condition that renders it a hazard to itself or its handlers.

The following euthanasia techniques are deemed acceptable by properly trained personnel:

  1. Lethal dose of barbiturates (intravenous)
  2. Gunshot to the brain (prior sedation should be considered when possible)
  3. Penetrating captive bolt to the brain using an extended bolt designed for euthanasia (prior sedation should be considered when possible)
  4. Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (intrathecal)with the horse in a surgical plane of general anesthesia
  5. A concentrated solution of either potassium chloride (intravenous) or magnesium sulfate (intravenous) with the horse in a surgical plane of general anesthesia
  6. Alternative methods may be necessary in special circumstances under the discretion of the veterinarian.

The choice of euthanasia technique should take into consideration local laws and regulations, the experience and training of the veterinarian and the final disposition of the horse.  In some jurisdictions, the use of pentobarbital may be discouraged due to the potential for environmental residues.

Prior to euthanasia, clear determination of the insurance status of the horse should be made as an insurance policy constitutes a contract between the horse owner(s) and the insurance carrier.

Read the AAEP’s Guidelines on Euthanasia Here.

Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2021.

CLICK HERE FOR A PRINTABLE VERSION

PLANNING AND PREPARATION:

(Taken from AAEP: https://aaep.org/horsehealth/euthanasia-most-difficult-decision)

If you and your veterinarian agree that euthanasia is the best choice, it is important to prepare as best you can. If you are able to make the decision in advance rather than in an emergency situation, making prior arrangements will ease the process. These guidelines might help:

  • Decide when and where the procedure will be best carried out, bearing in mind that arrangements must be made for removal of the body. Choose what is most comfortable and practical for you, your veterinarian, and your horse.
  • If you board your horse, inform the stable manager of the situation.
  • Decide whether you wish to be present during the procedure. If you cannot or do not wish to be present, you may want to ask a friend to stand in for you. Decide what is right for you. (If you are unfamiliar with the procedure and are unsure what to expect, discuss it with your veterinarian.)
  • Be aware that, for safety reasons, your veterinarian may not allow you to be touching or holding the horse during the procedure. You will, however, be able to touch and be with your horse afterward.
  • Make arrangements in advance for the prompt removal and disposal of the body. Check with your veterinarian and/or the city or county health department. Many municipalities have ordinances prohibiting or restricting burial. Removal to a rendering facility or pet crematory may be required.
  • Explain to members of your family, especially children, in sensitive but honest terms, why the decision was made to euthanize the horse.
  • Allow yourself to grieve. Finding a support person to talk with can help you work through this difficult period (see below).
  • If the horse is insured, notify the insurance company in advance so that there are no problems with claims. While the veterinarian will provide you with any required documentation, the rest (notification, filing, follow-up, etc.) is your responsibility.

COPING WITH EMOTIONS

Given the affection we have for our horses, dealing with their deaths can be extremely difficult. But dealing with your emotions honestly and going through the grieving process is important for your emotional well-being.

To help you deal with your grief, there are local and national counseling organizations, such as the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine’s Pet Loss Support Hotline, (530) 752-4200.  Your veterinarian may also know of resources in your area that can help you, so don’t be afraid to ask.

THINKING AHEAD

Death is an inevitable part of life. Your horse, like all living creatures, will not live forever. Ideally, your horse will remain healthy and happy into old age and will die a peaceful, natural death. However, it is wise to give some thought to other possibilities.

By thinking about what you would do in an emergency, or how you would act if your horse were to develop a painful or debilitating condition from which recovery was unlikely, you can be prepared for whatever happens. Be sure to share your thoughts and wishes on this issue with others, especially those who may be caring for your horse in your absence, such as your barn manager or neighbor, and your veterinarian. Doing so may spare your horse needless suffering if a severe illness or injury were to occur
when you could not be contacted.

CLICK HERE FOR A PRINTABLE VERSION

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, the following euthanasia techniques are deemed acceptable by properly trained personnel: (taken directly from the AAEP website.)

  1. Lethal dose of barbiturates (intravenous)
  2. Gunshot to the brain (prior sedation should be considered when possible)
  3. Penetrating captive bolt to the brain using an extended bolt designed for euthanasia (prior sedation should be considered when possible)
  4. Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (intrathecal) with the horse in a surgical plane of general anesthesia
  5. A concentrated solution of either potassium chloride (intravenous) or magnesium sulfate (intravenous) with the horse in a surgical plane of general anesthesia
  6. Alternative methods may be necessary in special circumstances under the discretion of the veterinarian.

The choice of euthanasia technique should take into consideration local laws and regulations, the experience and training of the veterinarian and the final disposition of the horse.  In some jurisdictions, the use of pentobarbital may be discouraged due to the potential for environmental residues.

Prior to euthanasia, clear determination of the insurance status of the horse should be made as an insurance policy constitutes a contract between the horse owner(s) and the insurance carrier.

Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2021.

Equine Disposal Options: What to Do When Your Horse Passes Away

Saying goodbye to a beloved horse is one of the most difficult experiences a horse owner can face. Whether due to age, illness, or injury, making end-of-life decisions is never easy. However, planning ahead for your horse’s final arrangements can help ease the burden during an already emotional time. Understanding the available options for equine disposal ensures that you can make the best choice for your situation while respecting your horse’s dignity.

Before deciding on a disposal method, there are a few things to consider. The first is your local laws and regulations. Some states and counties have strict guidelines on equine disposal, including burial restrictions and environmental concerns.

Cost, as always, should be taken into consideration. Prices for different options can vary greatly depending on location and service providers.

Accessibility is another thing to think about. If special equipment or transportation is required, it is critical to consider where your horse may be for their final moments.

Personal beliefs and preferences—religious, ethical, or emotional considerations may influence your decision.

Common Equine Disposal Options

Burial

Burial is a common choice for horse owners who have the land and legal permission to do so. Before burying your horse:

  • Check local regulations, as some areas require burial permits or prohibit burial altogether.
  • Ensure you meet minimum distances from residences and property lines.
  • Ensure the burial site meets minimum distance requirements from water sources to prevent contamination.
  • Dig a grave deep enough (the minimum is typically 6–8 feet) to prevent scavenging by wildlife.
  • Heavy machinery may be necessary to dig the grave due to the size of a horse.

Be sure to contact your city or town’s Board of Health department or local authorities to ensure you are complying with environmental safety laws, public health, and legal regulations for your area.

Rendering

Rendering is an environmentally friendly option where the horse’s body is processed for byproducts such as fertilizer, pet food, or biofuel. This option:

  • Is often the most cost-effective.
  • May be available through agricultural or livestock disposal services.
  • Requires transportation to a rendering facility, though some services offer pickup.
  • Only about half of U.S. states have rendering plants, mostly in the Midwest.
  • Cost ranges from $75 to $200.

Cremation

Cremation is a respectful option that allows owners to keep their horse’s ashes if desired. There are two types:

  • Communal cremation—The horse is cremated with others, and ashes are not returned.
  • Private cremation—The horse is cremated individually, and the ashes are returned to the owner. This can be expensive, but it is a preferred choice for those who want a lasting memorial.
  • Costs range from $600 to $2,000 depending on the location and which cremation method is chosen.

Landfills

Some municipal landfills accept large animal remains. This option:

  • Is regulated by local waste management authorities.
  • May not be able to accommodate chemically euthanized horses due to environmental hazards.
  • Often requires transportation to the landfill.
  • Can be an affordable alternative where burial isn’t feasible.
  • Costs range from $80 to $150 depending on the facility and location.

Composting

Composting is an environmentally friendly option that allows the horse’s body to break down naturally over time.

Composting, a controlled, sanitary decomposition of organic materials by bacteria, has recently gained popularity. It is performed in covered trenches or piles that must be located away from runoff and drinking water supplies to avoid contamination. The combination of vegetative material and moisture results in temperatures reaching at least 130°F, which, over the course of time, kills most pathogenic viruses and bacteria. It takes approximately 9 to 10 months to compost an intact horse carcass, and the end product is a spongy, odorless substance that can be used for soil supplementation. Livestock composting is legal in every state except California, but even in states where the practice is permitted, it can be limited by carcass weight. Information on composting and its availability in your area may be obtained from your respective state’s Department of Agriculture.

Proper composting:

  • Requires a large, well-managed composting site.
  • Can take several months to fully decompose.
  • It is sometimes used by farms, universities, or organizations with expertise in livestock composting.
  • Contact your state’s Department of Agriculture or local environmental agency for specific guidelines and regulations.

For more information on how to best compost an animal, check out Cornell University’s article on Mortality Composting (https://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/mortality.htm)

Donations for Research or Wildlife Conservation

Some veterinary schools, research institutions, and wildlife programs accept equine donations:

  • Veterinary schools may use the body for educational purposes, helping students learn about equine anatomy and care.
  • Research facilities often use equine bodies to study various diseases and physical changes in equines, leading to positive changes in our industry.
  • Wildlife conservation programs and zoos may use the remains to feed rescued predators in sanctuaries or rehabilitation programs.

Biodigesters

Biodigesters utilize alkaline hydrolysis to break down carcasses into a sterile aqueous solution, offering a rapid and environmentally safe disposal method.

First developed in 1992, the biodigester is a machine similar to a pressure cooker. Using alkaline hydrolysis, biodigesters rapidly kill any potentially harmful wastes in the carcass. The machine can turn a 1,000-pound horse carcass into an aqueous solution of peptides, amino acids, sugars, soaps, and powdered bone, all free of harmful pathogens. The remains are, in fact, sterile, and pose no environmental hazards and can therefore be disposed of at a local landfill or be used as fertilizer. This method is becoming a popular method of carcass disposal with veterinary colleges and industrial research facilities. The veterinary colleges at the University of Florida, Texas A&M University, Colorado State University, and the University of Minnesota are just some schools that own and use biodigesters. The US Department of Agriculture also owns a machine. While the initial purchase price is costly, the operating costs offer significant savings over time and are more environmentally friendly than using commercial incinerators. For example, the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory purchased a biodigester for $900,000 but estimates that they can dispose of a carcass for $0.25 per pound, as opposed to $0.75 per pound using an incinerator.

  • Used by veterinary colleges and research facilities.
  • Access to biodigester services may be limited for individual horse owners due to the specialized equipment required and associated costs.
  • Owners interested in this option should contact local veterinary schools or research institutions to inquire about availability and potential fees.

Navigating Legal Regulations

Regulations governing animal carcass disposal are primarily established at the state level and can vary significantly. Common legal requirements include:​

  • Timely Disposal: Many states mandate that carcasses be disposed of within a specific timeframe, typically ranging from 24 to 72 hours after death. ​

  • Proximity Restrictions: Regulations often specify minimum distances from water sources, residences, and property lines to prevent environmental contamination and public health risks. ​https://www.humaneworld.org/en/resources/humane-horse-remains-disposal

  • Method Restrictions: Certain disposal methods may be prohibited or restricted based on environmental considerations, disease control measures, or local ordinances. ​APHIS

To ensure compliance, horse owners should consult the following resources:​

  • State Departments of Agriculture: These agencies provide guidelines and regulations specific to animal carcass disposal within the state. ​

  • Environmental Protection Agencies: State or regional environmental agencies offer information on environmentally safe disposal practices and any necessary permits. ​

  • Local Extension Offices: University extension programs often provide resources and guidance on livestock management, including carcass disposal options.

Other Considerations:

Plan ahead: It is important for all horse owners to think about and plan for the day their horse’s life comes to an end. It is not something fun to think about, but death is inevitably part of life and dealing with it cannot be avoided. Enlisting the help of your vet and barn manager and a relative, close friend, or neighbor, come up with a plan in the event your horse becomes ill or debilitated, or an emergency arises. Write it down and make sure it is easily accessible if you are unavailable should anything occur. Planning ahead may spare your horse needless suffering. It will also help you make sound decisions during what will be a very difficult time.

Insurance: If your horse is insured, be sure that you know your policy’s requirements regarding euthanasia. For an insurance claim to be valid, companies often require prior notification and permission (except in extreme cases). Most insurance providers require that they be kept informed from the start of a horse’s medical condition, especially if euthanasia is a potential outcome of the illness. In case of an emergency, it is up to the policy holder to notify the insurance provider. Some policies even require a second opinion before a horse is euthanized, but it is always up to the owner and veterinarian to decide what is best for the horse.

The UHC has put together an excel document containing a list of all known disposal options by state click here to access the document:  https://unitedhorsecoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/UHC-Equine-Disposal-Options-Public.xlsx

Additional Resources

EQUINE RESOURCE DATABASE

UHC INFORMATION ON EUTHANASIA

Euthanasia: The Most Difficult Decision

Difficult though it may be to contemplate, there may come a time when, for humane or other reasons, you need to consider euthanasia for your horse. Choosing whether, or when, to end a beloved animal’s life may be the hardest decision you ever have to make regarding your horse’s welfare. However, it may be one of the most responsible and compassionate things we can do for our horses.

Equine Euthanasia: How Do I Know it’s Time

It’s never an easy decision to make, but perhaps the most compassionate thing you can do for a horse that is extremely ill, severely injured, lame, or dangerous is to have your veterinarian induce its death quickly and humanely through euthanasia.

CLICK HERE

All Educational Resources:

General Resources for Current Owners
Responsible Rehoming Resources

Resources for Prospective Owners
UHC News
Link to: MC Template

Let’s face it – we may all need a little help at one point or another.


It’s never too early to understand what assistance services are local to you.


Check out UHC’s Equine Resource Database today.

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End of Life, Euthanasia, and Aftercare Resources

Our Mission:

Through industry collaboration, the UHC promotes education and options for at-risk and transitioning horses.

Owning Responsibly:

The United Horse Coalition is a broad alliance of equine organizations that have joined together under the American Horse Council to educate the horse industry about the issues facing horses At-Risk, or in transition. We seek to provide information for existing and prospective owners, breeders, sellers, and horse organizations regarding the long-term responsibilities of owning and caring for horses, as well as focusing on the opportunities available for these horses.

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